A COMPARISON OF LETTER-OF-CREDIT IN PAKISTAN'S CONVENTIONAL AND ISLAMIC BANKS

Authors

  • Syed Saqlain Ul Hassan Faculty of Law, University of Sialkot, Punjab, Pakistan.
  • Saima Sajid Department of Economics, GC Women University Sialkot, Punjab, Pakistan.
  • Sidra Kanwel Faculty of Law, University of Sialkot, Punjab, Pakistan.

Keywords:

Letter-of-Credit, Trade Finance, Islamic Banking, Conventional Banking, Differences, Similarity

Abstract

In overseas trade, a Letter-of-Credit is simply a type of assurance for both the seller and the purchaser. Whether conventional or Islamic, a Letter-of-Credit is the most common payment method used by a purchaser and a seller in a foreign purchase agreement. Currently, a primary inquiry of a study is whether conventional and Islamic banks in Pakistan use letters of credit differently. The goal of this research is to define and compare a Letter-of-Credit's applicability in Pakistan's conventional and Islamic banking practices. To discover parallels and differences between the two techniques. A descriptive analysis was used to answer this study question. The findings of this study, except for the name used in Letter-of-Credit process documents, there are no differences between a Letter-of-Credit application made by conventional and Islamic banks in Pakistan. The instant study also found that, aside from basic agreement that adheres to Sharia rules, the operation of an Islamic letter of credit is relatively comparable to that of a standard letter of credit. Islamic letters of credit are similar to traditional letters. Because the differences between Islamic and traditional letters of credit are purely technical, they have almost the same ingredients. When comparing the Wakalah (Islamic) letter of credit to the conventional letter of credit, these are identical.

References

Agibalova, E. N., Ilovaysky, I. B., Kayl, Y. Y., & Usanova, V. A. (2019, December). Use of letter of credit form of payment in the implementation of smart contracts and blockchain technology. In Institute of Scientific Communications Conference (pp. 160-170). Cham: Springer International Publishing.

Ahn, J., & Sarmiento, M. (2019). Estimating the direct impact of bank liquidity shocks on the real economy: Evidence from letter‐of‐credit import transactions in Colombia. Review of International Economics, 27(5), 1510-1536.

Aladwan, Z. (2023). Legal basis for the fraud exception in letters of credit under English Law. Journal of Financial Crime, 30(2), 594-600.

Albaity, M., & Rahman, M. (2019). The intention to use Islamic banking: an exploratory study to measure Islamic financial literacy. International Journal of Emerging Markets, 14(5), 988-1012.

Alharthi, M., Hanif, I., Rehman, H. U., & Alamoudi, H. (2021). Satisfaction of Pakistan’s Islamic banking system during the COVID-19 pandemic Logistic model-based identification of the determinants to improve customer. Journal of Islamic Marketing, 13(11), 2290-2307.

Awais, M., Hashmi, W. H., & Mustafa, A. (2020). Role of Framing towards Islamic Business.

Ayub, M. (2021). The Corporate Governance for Islamic Financial Institutions in Pakistan: Need for Dynamic Regulatory Policies. In Monetary Policy, Islamic Finance, and Islamic Corporate Governance: An International Overview (pp. 37-60). Emerald Publishing Limited.

Billah, M. M. S., & Billah, M. M. S. (2019). Islamic Model of International Trade and Shipping. Islamic Financial Products: Principles, Instruments and Structures, 209-216.

Butt, M. A., Ayub, H., Latif, B., Asif, F., Shabbir, M. S., & Raja, A. A. (2022). Financial risks and performance of conventional and Islamic banks: do reputational risk matters?. Journal of Islamic Accounting and Business Research, 13(4), 581-595.

Chang, S. E., Chen, Y. C., & Wu, T. C. (2019). Exploring blockchain technology in international trade: Business process re-engineering for letter of credit. Industrial Management & Data Systems, 119(8), 1712-1733.

Chen, M. (2020). Beyond donation: China’s policy banks and the reshaping of development finance. Studies in Comparative International Development, 55(4), 436-459.

Chuah, J. (2017). Islamic letter of credit-Square peg in a round hole. Soyer, Baris & Tettenborn, Andrew, International trade and carriage of goods, Informa Law from Routledge,, 177-196.

Crozet, M., Demir, B., & Javorcik, B. (2022). International trade and letters of credit: A double-edged sword in times of crises. IMF Economic Review, 70(2), 185-211.

De Graaf, T. J. (2019). From old to new: From internet to smart contracts and from people to smart contracts. Computer law & security review, 35(5), 105322.

Delle Foglie, A., & Keshminder, J. S. (2022). Challenges and opportunities of SRI sukuk toward financial system sustainability: a bibliometric and systematic literature review. International Journal of Emerging Markets.

Javed, K., Jianxin, L., & Khan, A. (2021). Constitutional exceptions of right to speech: Evidence from the apex courts of Pakistan. Journal of Humanities, Social and Management Sciences (JHSMS), 2(1), 72-84.

Kalimullina, M., & Hassan, M. K. (2022). Default risk as a factor preventing companies from entering the sukuk market. Risk Management, 24(4), 298-326.

Khan, G. G. (2019). Fatwa Institution and Product Development for Islamic Finance in Pakistan. Policy Perspectives, 16(2), 107-126.

Kim, S. M. (2019). Reduction clause in an advance payment guarantee (AP-bond) under an overseas construction contract. Journal of Korea Trade, 23(1), 35-49.

Kim, S. M. (2021). Payment methods and finance for international trade (Vol. 658). Springer.

Kowalski, M., Lee, Z. W., & Chan, T. K. (2021). Blockchain technology and trust relationships in trade finance. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 166, 120641.

Majeed, M. T., & Zainab, A. (2021). A comparative analysis of financial performance of Islamic banks vis-à-vis conventional banks: evidence from Pakistan. ISRA International Journal of Islamic Finance, 13(3), 331-346.

Maryam, S. Z., Mehmood, M. S., & Khaliq, C. A. (2019). Factors influencing the community behavioral intention for adoption of Islamic banking: Evidence from Pakistan. International Journal of Islamic and Middle Eastern Finance and Management, 12(4), 586-600.

Nasir, A., Farooq, U., Khan, K. I., & Khan, A. A. (2022). Congruity or dispel? A segmented bibliometric analysis of Sukuk structures. International Journal of Islamic and Middle Eastern Finance and Management, 16(2), 343-365.

Nguyen, P. H. (2022). A two-phased decision-making based grey theory framework for the best choice of payment methods in international trade. Heliyon, 8(11).

Nugraheni, P., & Widyani, F. N. (2021). A study of intention to save in Islamic banks: the perspective of Muslim students. Journal of Islamic Marketing, 12(8), 1446-1460.

Qadri, H. M. U. D. (2019). 18 Theoretical, practical vis-à-vis legal development in Islamic banking. The Growth of Islamic Finance and Banking, 281.

Raza, S. A., Ahmed, R., Ali, M., & Qureshi, M. A. (2020). Influential factors of Islamic insurance adoption: an extension of theory of planned behavior. Journal of Islamic Marketing, 11(6), 1497-1515.

Zulkhibri, M., & Manap, T. A. A. (Eds.). (2019). Islamic finance, risk-sharing and macroeconomic stability. Springer International Publishing.

18 Eng Final July Dec 2023 Vol 03 Issue 02 Citation Page

Downloads

Published

15-08-2023

How to Cite

Hassan, S. S. U., Sajid, S., & Kanwel, S. (2023). A COMPARISON OF LETTER-OF-CREDIT IN PAKISTAN’S CONVENTIONAL AND ISLAMIC BANKS. PAKISTAN ISLAMICUS (An International Journal of Islamic & Social Sciences), 3(2), 256–275. Retrieved from http://pakistanislamicus.com/index.php/home/article/view/64