RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FOREIGN LANGUAGE CLASSROOM ANXIETY AND AFFECTIVE STRATEGIES USED BY LEARNERS AT THE UNIVERSITY LEVEL IN PAKISTAN
Keywords:
Affective Strategies, Foreign Language Anxiety, Learning English LanguageAbstract
This study aims to examine the link between anxiety in the foreign language classroom and productive strategies used by graduate-level students in the Pakistani context. The instruments used for this research consist of FLCAS prepared by Horwitz (1986) and SILL refined by Oxford (1990). The study involves 116 participants who are currently enrolled in graduation-level programs at a private college in Multan, Pakistan. The findings of this research indicate that 60% of learners are active users of these affective strategies, with a mean score of 18.64 out of a total score of 30. The higher levels of use of affective strategies are found to be related to lower levels of English language anxiety, although insignificantly. Moreover, female participants (mean score = 19.34) were found to use affective strategies more than their male counterparts. (mean score = 17.44). A negative relationship is also observed between FLCA and affective strategies used by the students at graduation level programs in Pakistan.
References
Ali, A., Ghani, M., Malik, F., & Ahmad, A. (2016). The use of language learning strategies by Pakistani MA English students in literature/linguistics. Dialogue, 11(3), 324-333.
Allwright, D. (1990). Autonomy in language pedagogy. CRILE Working Paper 6. University of Lancaster: Centre for Research in Language Education.
Al-Sibai, D. M. (2005). L2 anxiety of Saudi female university students enrolled in speaking courses. Retrieved in Dec. 2012, from http://faculty.ksu.edu.sa/dinaalsibai/Research%20Papers/13.%20Speech%20Anxiety.pdf.
Chamot, A.U. (2005). Language learning strategy instruction: Current issues and research. Annual Review of Applied Linguistics, 25, 112-130.
Cohen, A.D., 1998: Strategies in Learning and Using a Second Language. Essex, U.K.: Longman.
Dewaele, Jean-Marc; Petrides, K.V.; and Furnham, Adrian (2008) The effects of trait emotional intelligence and sociobiographical variables on communicative anxiety and foreign language anxiety among adult multilinguals: A review and empirical investigation. Language Learning 58 (4) 911-960
Dreyer, C. & Oxford, R., 1996: Learning strategies and other predictors of ESL proficiency among Afrikaans-speakers in South Africa. In R. Oxford (Ed.), Language Learning Strategies Around the World: Cross-cultural Perspectives (pp. 61-74). Manoa: University of Hawaii Press.
Ehrman, M. & Oxford, R. (1988). Effects of Sex differences, career choice, and
psychological type. The Modern Language Journal, 72(3), 253-265. Retrieved from JSTOR database. JSTOR database.
Fei, Wang. (2019). Analyzing the Relationship of English Language Learning Anxiety and
English Language Learning Strategy Use Among English Major Undergraduates in Shi Jiazhuang, China. JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN LINGUISTICS. 10. 1569-1575. 10.24297/jal.v10i0.8444.
Gopang, Illahi & Bughio, Faraz & Pathan, Habibullah. (2015). Investigating Foreign Language Learning Anxiety among Students Learning English in A Public Sector University, Pakistan. Malaysian online journal of educational sciences. 3. 27-37.
Green, J. M. & Oxford, R. (1995). A closer look at learning strategies, L2 proficiency, and gender. TESOL Quarterly, 29(2), 261-297. Retrieved from JSTOR database.
Gregersen, T. S. (2003). To Err Is Human: A Reminder to Teachers of Language-Anxious Students. Foreign Language Annals, 36, 1, 25-32.
Gu, Y. (2002). Gender, Academic Major, and Vocabulary Learning Strategies of Chinese Efl Learners. RELC Journal, 33(1), 35–54. doi:10.1177/003368820203300102
Horwitz, E. K., Horwitz, M. B., & Cope, J. (1986) Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety.Modern Language Journal, 70, pp.125-132.
Horwitz, E.K., M.B., Horwitz and J.A.Cope. (1991). “Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety”. In E.K. Horwitz and D.J. Young, Language Anxiety, (pp. 27-39). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
Herwitt, E., and J. Stephenson (2011). Foreign Language Anxiety and Oral Exam Performance: A Replication of Phillips’s MLJ Study. The Modern Language Journal 00: 1-20.
Kazi A., (2017). An Exploration of the Effect of Gender on Use of English Language Learning Strategies, Journal of Arts and Social Sciences, 1 (4)
Little, D. (1991). Learner autonomy 1: Definitions, issues and problems. Dublin: Authentik
Mak, B. (2011). An exploration of speaking-in-class anxiety with Chinese ESL learners. System, 39, 202–214 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2011.04.002.
Matsuda, Sae & Gobel, Peter. (2004). Anxiety and predictors of performance in the foreign language classroom. System. 32. 21-36. 10.1016/j.system.2003.08.002.
Nyikos, Martha & Rebecca Oxford (1993). A factor Analytic Study of Language-Learning Strategy Use: Interpretations from Information-Processing Theory and Social Psychology, The Modern Language Journal, 77, 11-22
Oxford, Rebecca L (1989). ‘The Best and the worst’: an exercise to tap perceptions of
language-learning experiences and strategies, Foreign Language Annals, 22/5, 447- 454
Oxford, R.L., 1990: Language Learning Strategies: What Every Teacher Should Know.
Boston: Heinle & Heinle.
Oxford, R. (1999). Anxiety and the Language Learner: New Insights. In J. Arnold (Ed.), Affect in Language Learning (pp. 58-67). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Scarcella, Robin C. and Rebecca L. Oxford (1992). The Tapestry of Language Learning: The
Individual in the Communicative Classroom. Boston: Heinle and Heinle.
Sheen, Y. (2008). Recasts, language anxiety, modified output, and L2 learning. Language Learning, 58(4), 835-874
Sheorey, (1999). An examination of language learning strategy use in the setting of a Journal of Art and Social Sciences, IV, I (2017) 39 indigenized variety of English. System 27 (2), 173-190. doi:10.1016/S0346- 251X(99)00015-9
Zoghi, M., Kazemi, S.A., & Kalani, A. (2013). The Effect of Gender on Language Learning. Journal of Novel Applied Sciences. www.jnasci.org Journal-2013-2-S4/1124-1128 ISSN 2322-5149 ©2013 JNAS
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 PAKISTAN ISLAMICUS (An International Journal of Islamic & Social Sciences)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.