PAKISTAN ISLAMICUS (An International Journal of Islamic & Social Sciences)
HEC "Y" Category (Page 52, Row 08) PAKISTAN ISLAMICUS (An International Journal of Islamic & Social Sciences) is a double-blind peer-reviewed scholarly journal in three languages: Arabic, Urdu, and English, published by the Muslim Intellectuals Research Center (MIRC-PK) Multan-Pakistan. It is an Open-Access, Quarterly (from 01-July-2023), Peer-Reviewed Print and Online journal that has become a Multidisciplinary Academic Journal with an International Advisory Board representing various research fields. This journal is launched to promote the study of general areas of Islamic and Social Sciences (Miscellaneous). Social Sciences Research Areas (HEC Suggested) · Religious Studies / Comparative Religion · Islamic Studies / Arabic Studies · Economics · Econometrics · Disaster Economics · Iqbal Studies/ lqbaliyat · Education · Political Science · Law and Legislature · Social Work · Pakistan Studies · History · Demography and Population Studies · Public Administration · Archeolog · Ethnography · Anthropology · Conservation Studies · Archival Studies · Special Education · Home Economics · Defence & Strategic Studies · International Relations · Peace & Conflict Studies · Library and Information Sciences · Women Studies · Developmental Psychology · Women and Gender Studies · Philosophy · American Studies · Sociology · Area Studies · Development Studies · Rural Development Studies · Journalism · Mass communication · Criminology · Rural/ Urban Studies · Media Studies
Muslim Intellectuals Research Center, Multan-Pakistan
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بابیت، بہائیت اور ذکریت: عقیدۂ ختمِ نبوت کے تناظر میں ایک تحقیقی مطالعہ
Section: Urdu Keywords: Array, Array, Array, Array, Array This study examines the doctrine of the Finality of Prophethood (Khatm al‑Nubuwwah), a foundational tenet of Islam asserting that Prophet Muhammadﷺ is the last and definitive messenger of God, after whom no prophet or messenger can arise. Throughout Islamic history, various movements have contested or reinterpreted this doctrine by claiming continued revelation, messianic succession, or the establishment of new religious laws. Such challenges have made critical appraisal of the doctrine an enduring subject within Islamic scholarship. Focusing on the Babi, Baha’i, and Zikrī movements, the research offers a systematic and analytical appraisal of their founders, historical contexts, and core tenets, with particular attention to their claims concerning prophecy and the Finality of Prophethood. The study analyzes primary texts and authoritative literatures associated with Sayyid Ali Muhammad Shirazi (the Báb), Baháʼu'lláh (founder of the Baháʼí Faith), and Mullah Muhammad Mahdi Attocki (proponent of the Zikrī movement), assessing their assertions of messianism, divine revelation, prophethood, and the introduction of new religious dispensations. The analysis demonstrates that both the Bábí and Bahá’í movements endorse the continuation of divine revelation after Islam’s prophetic seal, the promulgation of novel religious ordinances, and the prospect of recurring divine manifestations. Likewise, the Zikrī movement attributes an extraordinary spiritual—at times quasi‑prophetic—status to its founder and advances doctrines that, in several respects, conflict with the classical Islamic understanding of Khatm al‑Nubuwwah. Findings indicate that the foundational claims of these movements are not congruent with the Qur’an, the Prophetic Sunnah, and the consensus (ijma‘) of the Muslim community regarding the finality of Prophet Muhammad’s mission. Moreover, the study underscores that the doctrine of the Finality of Prophethood constitutes a telos of Islamic law, a source of religious stability, and a cornerstone for the intellectual cohesion of Muslim societies. Despite jurisprudential and theological differences across Islamic history, belief in the Prophet’s finality has functioned as a central, unifying element of collective Muslim consciousness and has played a decisive role in safeguarding orthodox beliefs against innovations and sectarian deviations. The study concludes that the doctrine of Khatm al‑Nubuwwah is not merely a doctrinal pillar but also a key guarantor of religious identity, doctrinal concord, and communal unity within the Muslim ummah.
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DIGITAL BELONGING AND VIRTUAL EXILE: DIASPORIC STORYTELLING IN THE AGE OF SOCIAL MEDIA
Section: English Keywords: Array, Array, Array, Array, Array The art of storytelling among diasporic communities has found new life online. This article investigates the interrelationship between digital belonging and virtual exile in shaping contemporary diasporic experiences, with a focus on diasporic storytelling in the age of social media. It argues that digital platforms have modified the production and circulation of diasporic narratives, enabling dispersed communities to articulate identity, memory, and cultural affiliation across transnational spaces. Drawing on interdisciplinary frameworks from diaspora studies, media theory and digital humanitie this study explores how diasporic subjects negotiate presence and absence, visibility and marginalization, and connection and dislocation in online environments. Digital platforms offers diasporic individuals to captivate their lived experiences in multimodal, fragmented and participatory configuration that challenges the rectilinearity of traditional literary forms widely included memory, loss, nostalgia , displacement and belonging. Ultimately, the article positions social media as a paradoxical site that simultaneously facilitates belonging while intensifying new forms of estrangement. On one side social media connects us through online availabiltiy, connections, memories, online storytelling, and on the other hand it is making boundries, creating displacement, fragmentation and producing new forms of surveillance giving rise to conditions of virtual exile.
تبصرہ کتاب "میزان الادیان بالاسلام" از ابوسعد مولانا گل رضاعطاری
Section: Urdu Keywords: Array, Array, Array, Array, Array Contemporary era is marked by intellectual conflict, religious diversity, and ideological confrontation. On the one hand, various religions and belief systems exist with their historical and doctrinal foundations; on the other hand, trends such as Atheism, Skepticism, and Religious Aversion are rapidly gaining ground. In such a situation, the need for comparative study has become increasingly evident, as it provides a means to distinguish truth from falsehood and offers human thought a strong and rational criterion. Islam, as the final and preserved religion, not only provides its followers with a complete code of life but also presents a comprehensive and balanced criterion for understanding and analysing other religions. The Holy Qur’an, through its unique methodological approach, clarifies the original sources of earlier revealed religions, as well as the subsequent distortions and doctrinal and practical deviations within them. This Qur’anic methodology has established a permanent foundational principle in the field of comparative religion and has continued to serve as a primary reference for Muslim thinkers and scholars. In the Indo-Pak subcontinent, the tradition of comparative religion has a distinct historical background. In response to Christian missionary activities and modern intellectual movements, Muslim scholars not only defended Islam but also developed a strong tradition of scholarly comparison. Within this tradition, some works are purely polemical in nature, while others reflect research-based, analytical, and methodological awareness. The work of Abu Saad Maulana Gul Raza Attari, Mīzān al-Adyān bi al-Islām, can be placed in the latter category, where Islam is presented as the criterion of truth, and various religions and ideological systems are examined in its light. A key distinction of this book is that it does not merely rely on descriptive comparison; rather, it evaluates other religions by placing Islamic theological, ethical, and intellectual principles as a criterion. The author’s style is invitational, reformative, and scholarly, providing the reader not only with valuable information but also with intellectual guidance. The purpose of this review is to present an analytical study of the book’s scholarly methodology, writing style, use of sources and references, arguments, and its overall intellectual significance. This will help determine its academic value and clarify its position in the field of comparative religion. At the outset, the review will introduce the general features of the book, along with the author’s research methodology and writing style.
ENHANCING THE QUALITY OF STUDENTS LEARNING OUTCOMES AT PRIMARY LEVEL IN PUNJAB, PAKISTAN
Section: English Keywords: Array, Array, Array, Array, Array Primary education is the foundation of the life-long learning and socio-economic growth for any society. Evidence intimate that the politics of Pakistan in Punjab has acted stringent to more citizens have access to breeding and, the resolutions of educates in the realm have been meliorated, there are still remainder in the region. Psychoanalysis presents that this inquiry theme probes the independent heads touched to the execution of educates in Punjab by a quantitative enquiry method, by using a stratified sampling technique of 120 schools, 240 teachers and 120 school heads from all schools of Punjab, illustrating that ideal for your want. Evidence suggests that the survey will center. The data evokes that analysis discloses that integrated questionnaire, school information and standardized rating results from some should in Punjab were used to accumulate information, not only are they hardheaded, but they're also fashionable. In line to late advances, pupils used statistical methods such as descriptive statistics, correlation psychoanalysis furthermore regression psychoanalysis to try the relationship between these ingredients moreover the scientific capability of pupils. What recognises this is that building on this, the solutions show the caliber of teachers, admittance to educational textiles and paternal engagement play an important office in specifying memorizing results, evoking that precisely what you're searching for. It is significant to notice that the information shows that inquiry names dispute between rural and urban schoolhouse, peculiar in base and restricted teachers, volunteering both restroom and timber. You screw what? Enquiry presents that the answers show the tone of breeding can be importantly battered, through specific insurance, including professional evolution of teachers, melioration of base and melioration of community committedness. It is authoritative to mark that the theme suggests evidence-free-based proposals can channelize policy manufacturers and education officials to effective strategies would instructing and reduce the disparity in education layers in Punjab, implying that exactly what you're searching for.
PURPOSE OF HUMAN EXISTENCE AND MORAL AGENCY: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ISLAMIC TELEOLOGY AND SECULAR NATURALISM
Section: English Keywords: Array, Array, Array, Array, Array The relationship between human existence and moral agency remains a central concern in both religious and philosophical thought, yet contemporary debates often treat purpose and ethics as analytically separable. This article addresses this gap by examining how underlying conceptions of human existence shape moral agency through a comparative analysis of Islamic teleology and secular naturalism. While Islamic thought grounds human existence in a divinely ordained purpose (ghāyah) structured by the principle of Tawḥīd, secular naturalism explains human life through evolutionary processes and typically frames meaning and morality as contingent human constructions. Adopting a qualitative conceptual methodology, the study combines thematic analysis of contemporary philosophical literature with a semantic examination of key Qurʾānic concepts related to purpose, accountability, and human responsibility. It argues that these contrasting ontological frameworks generate fundamentally different models of moral agency: in the Islamic teleological perspective, moral responsibility is anchored in transcendence and accountability before God, whereas in secular naturalism, moral agency is grounded in autonomy and self-legislation. The analysis demonstrates that Islamic teleology provides an integrated framework linking purpose, accountability, and ethical conduct, thereby reinforcing internal moral regulation and existential coherence. In contrast, secular naturalism allows for pluralistic but potentially fragmented moral frameworks due to its rejection of intrinsic purpose. By foregrounding the connection between metaphysical assumptions and moral behavior, this study contributes to broader discussions on ethics, worldview formation, and the philosophical foundations of human flourishing in contemporary societies.
صحاح ستہ کی روشنی میں سیدہ عائشہ صدیقہ رضی اللہ عنھا کے تعلیمی اسالیب کا تحقیقی جائزہ
Section: Urdu Keywords: Array, Array, Array, Array, Array This research presents a critical and analytical study of the pedagogical methods of Syeda Aisha Siddiqa (R.A) as documented in the Sihah-e-Sittah (the six authentic books of Hadith). Syeda Aisha Siddiqa (R.A) occupies a preeminent position in Islamic intellectual history, serving as a profound jurist, theologian, and educator who laid the epistemic foundations of early Muslim society. The primary objective of this study is to explore her unique teaching methodologies and evaluate their alignment with modern educational theories, such as Active Learning and Critical Thinking. Using a descriptive-analytical research design, the study employs a deductive method to extract educational principles from authentic prophetic traditions. The findings reveal that Syeda Aisha Siddiqa’s (R.A) pedagogy was centered on "Dirayah" (critical analysis), interrogative reasoning, and Quranic integration. She did not merely transmit narrations but subjected them to logical scrutiny and practical demonstration. Her residence served as the first "Open University" of Madinah Munwwarah, characterized by an environment of free inquiry and intellectual rigor. Furthermore, the study highlights her "Kinesthetic" approach through practical demonstrations and her mastery of "Narrative Pedagogy" using parables and historical analogies. The research concludes that her educational model remains highly relevant today, offering a comprehensive framework for reforming contemporary Islamic pedagogy and empowering women through intellectual excellence and scholarly authority.
حذف کے جواز و عدم جواز پر مباحث؛ ایک تحقیقی جائزہ
Section: Urdu Keywords: Array, Array, Array, Array, Array This research paper addresses the critical debates among classical Arabic linguists (Lughawiyyin) and legal theorists (Usuliyyin) regarding the permissibility (Jawaz) and impermissibility (Adam al-Jawaz) of ellipsis (Al-Hadhf). Recognized as a foundational element of Arabic eloquence rather than a mere structural omission, ellipsis operates under strict situational (Hali) and textual (Maqali) clues (Qara'in). This study systematically categorizes and analyzes eleven distinct textual, rational, and contextual proofs (Adillah) used by classical authorities to validate and identify the omitted elements (Mahdhuf). Special attention is given to the intellectual and scriptural friction between scholars like Al-Sakkaki, Al-Qazwini, Al-Zarkashi, and Al-Suyuti concerning whether ellipsis is driven by pure rational necessity (Dalat al-Aql) or scriptural convention (Al-Adah al-Shar'iyyah). The paper evaluates how the boundaries of ellipsis are defined, establishing that omission becomes inherently impermissible when it leads to semantic ambiguity (Al-Iltibas) or structural corruption. Conversely, the study also underscores the unique aesthetic grandeur of explicit articulation (Al-Israah), demonstrating that in pivotal theological contexts, explicit formulation yields a far superior rhetorical dignity (Fakhamah) than ellipsis.
UNRAVELING THE NEXUS OF FINTECH SERVICES AND FINANCIAL INCLUSION: A CASE OF ISLAMIC BANKS IN PAKISTAN
Section: English Keywords: Array, Array, Array, Array, Array This study explores the role of financial technology (FinTech) in advancing financial inclusion within Pakistan’s dual banking system, focusing specifically on Islamic banks. It identifies key factors influencing FinTech adoption, such as trust, service quality, perceived regulatory support, and perceived security, while examining their collective impact on individuals' access to formal financial services. A key contribution is introducing perceived Shariah compliance as a moderator, marking its first empirical use in the Pakistani context. Additionally, digital financial literacy is incorporated as a mediating variable to understand how knowledge and capability in digital finance influence this relationship. The conceptual model is tested using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) on data collected from approximately 616 FinTech users across Pakistan through convenience sampling, including participants recruited via social media and Islamic bank customers to ensure diversity and contextual relevance. The findings reveal that trust, perceived usefulness, perceived security, and regulatory support significantly enhance financial inclusion, with digital financial literacy as a crucial mediator. Importantly, perceived Shariah compliance strengthens these relationships, underscoring its pivotal role in facilitating technology-driven financial inclusion in Islamic banking environments. This study contributes uniquely to the literature by integrating Islamic finance principles with FinTech adoption and digital literacy, offering practical implications for FinTech providers, Islamic financial institutions, and policymakers aiming to develop Shariah-compliant, inclusive financial ecosystems in emerging markets. Jel Classification Codes: G21, G23, G24, D14, Z12.
SOCIO-CULTURAL AND ECONOMIC DETERMINANTS OF CHILD LABOR IN SOUTHERN PUNJAB, PAKISTAN
Section: English Keywords: Array, Array, Array, Array, Array Child labor remains one of the most persistent and deeply rooted challenges globally. International Labour Organization (ILO) and United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) (2021) estimated that approximately 160 million children, nearly 1 in 10 worldwide, are engaged in child labor, and of these, 79 million are involved in hazardous work that directly endangers their health, safety, or moral development. The objectives of the research were to examine the socio-cultural determinants of child labor in Southern Punjab and to analyze the economic factors contribution to child labor in Southern Punjab, Pakistan. The study was carried out in three divisions of Southern Punjab, Pakistan: (i) Dera Ghazi Khan, (ii) Multan, and (iii) Bahawalpur. The data were gathered from household heads whose children were between the ages of five and sixteen and did child labor. Before data collection, the enumerators asked the respondent for an acceptable time for data collection. It was found that majority of the respondents were agreed that the cultural dominancy, poverty, gendered attitude, occupational inheritance and future certainty were the reasons of child labor. The majority 55.8% of the respondents were agreed that changing traditional gender roles can help reduce child labor. The majority 53.3% of the respondents were disagreed that community attitudes support boys working but discourage girls from working outside the home. The majority 54.8% of the respondents were agreed that children working in family businesses or farms are common economic survival strategy. The majority 68.3% of the respondents were agreed that economic hardship makes it difficult for families to prioritize education over immediate income. The majority 48.5% of the respondents were disagreed that economic inequality in society contributes to the persistence of child labor. The majority 65.1% of the respondents were agreed that Government social support programs are insufficient to prevent families from sending children to work. The majority 64.0% of the respondents were agreed that children involved in child labor often face social exclusion in their communities. The majority 57.6% of the respondents were agreed that child labor limits children’s opportunities to participate in social and cultural activities. It is recommended that to cut down on child labor, make sure that all children can go to good schools in poor areas. Start conditional cash transfer programs for poor families to stop kids from working and get them to go to school. Make sure that child labor laws are followed more strictly to stop abuse, especially in unregulated areas. Create flexible school systems for kids who work, like evening schools and non-formal education. Make people in the community more aware of the long-term bad effects of child labor and social exclusion.
تعزیر کے احکام واثرات: شرعی و وضعی قوانین کا تقابلی جائزہ
Section: Urdu Keywords: Array, Array, Array, Array, Array Taʿzīr is a distinctive and flexible component of Islamic criminal law that deals with offenses for which no fixed punishment is prescribed in the Qurʾān or Sunnah. Unlike Hudūd, Qiṣāṣ, and Diyah, Taʿzīr is discretionary, allowing judges or rulers to adapt punishments to the nature of the crime and the needs of society. This flexibility makes it a vital mechanism for addressing new and emerging crimes in contemporary Muslim societies. The study adopts a documentary and analytical approach, drawing upon classical and modern Islamic jurisprudential texts, Qurʾānic injunctions, Prophetic traditions, and relevant statutory legal literature. It systematically analyzes the objectives, principles, and applications of Taʿzīr in Islamic law and compares them with theories of punishment in statutory systems, such as retribution, deterrence, rehabilitation, incapacitation, and restorative justice. The research reveals that Taʿzīr emphasizes discipline, reform, deterrence, and social order, while also incorporating mercy and forgiveness through repentance, intercession, or pardon. It reflects a dual linguistic meaning—“to prevent” and “to support”—highlighting its corrective and rehabilitative nature. Statutory systems, in contrast, prioritize secular theories of punishment and face challenges such as sentencing disparities, high incarceration costs, and human rights concerns. Despite differences in origin and philosophy, both systems share common goals of crime prevention, offender reform, and societal protection Taʿzīr demonstrates the adaptability of Islamic law to modern challenges, offering a more humane and holistic model of justice compared to rigid or purely retributive statutory approaches. The study recommends developing clear guidelines for the application of Taʿzīr, promoting restorative justice practices, enhancing judicial training, and aligning with international human rights standards to strengthen both Islamic and statutory frameworks in achieving justice and social welfare.
ANALYZING THE LEVEL OF 21st CENTURY SKILLS PERCEIVED BY THE STUDENTS OF PUBLIC UNIVERSITIES
Section: English Keywords: Array, Array, Array, Array, Array The world has knowledge-based economy. So, the international higher education system is responsible to produce graduates with 21st-century skills. This research study aimed to Analyzing the level of 21 century skills perceived by the students of Public Universities. Research questions were: (1) What is the level of 21st-century skills of male and female students? (2) What is the gender-based difference of 21st century skills among university students? and (3) Is there any difference of 21st century skills among the students of different universities? This study used the survey design. The study population was undergraduate students of all general public universities in Punjab, Pakistan. The final sample comprised 900 undergraduate students selected from five general public universities. The data were collected using self-developed rating scale for 21st century skills validated through five experts’ opinion and pilot testing on 507 students with Cronbach alpha value 0.89. The findings were that university students have average level of 21st-century skills. Male and female students have overall equivalent level of 21st Century Skills. It is recommended that University authorities especially curriculum development committees may incorporate content and activities to improve 21st Century Skills.
ESCALATING ISLAMOPHOBIA: THE CASE OF BLASPHEMOUS CONTENT AGAINST THE PROPHET MUHAMMAD (Sallallāhu ‘Alaihi wa Ālihi wa Sallam)
Section: English Keywords: Array, Array, Array, Array, Array Over the past two decades the world has seen a sharp increase in Islamophobic events. Blasphemy against the Prophet Muhammad (Sallallāhu ‘Alaihi wa Ālihi wa Sallam), burnings of the Holy Quran have been few of the disturbing events that have provided grief and anguish to the 1.9 billion Muslims in the world. While Islamophobia manifests in various forms, the place of the Prophet of Islam (Sallallāhu ‘Alaihi wa Ālihi wa Sallam) is sacred to Muslims all over the globe and any attack on his personality is seen as condemnable. In this paper, I shall seek to study specifically the blasphemous content against his person. For this I have chosen two events. These two events garnered a strong reaction from the Muslim World. The first event is from France, where the showcasing of offensive caricatures in the name of freedom of speech amassed a strong outrage. The second event took place in 2022 in India where offensive comments against the Prophet Muhammad (Sallallāhu ‘Alaihi wa Ālihi wa Sallam) by a Bharatiya Janata Party spokeswoman accumulated condemnation by the Islamic world. I shall be highlighting the reactions and the effect the incidents congregated. This paper makes a small contribution in providing proposals on how to combat a global challenge.
UNDERSTANDING SHARR (EVIL) IN THE CONTEXT OF GLOBAL EXTREMISM IN 21ST CENTURY: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS
Section: English Keywords: Array, Array, Array, Array, Array Exploring Sharr (evil) in the context of extremism with a broader global perspective in the ongoing 21st century is a significant research area in both social sciences and Islamic studies. The area has been the subject of extensive writing so far. However, observing extremism as Sharr by assessing the impacts in terms of a global setting is a gap to be explored reasonably and logically. This way, the dynamics of the study include literature review, Sharr-focused stances, and Muslims’ perspectives about extremism, the Western standpoint, the global community's observations and the global impacts of the Sharr-driven extremism. The findings determine that the Sharr (evil) of extremism in the 21st century will affect the world if a broad-based mechanism is not followed to counter this negative development. Both analytical and descriptive methodologies are pursued to give a reasoned completion to this area of research.
SMARTWATCHES AND ELDERLY HEALTHCARE IN PAKISTAN: STUDY OF ADOPTION, ACCEPTANCE, AND SOCIAL SUPPORT
Section: English Keywords: Array, Array, Array, Array, Array Huge proliferation of IoT devices including smartwatch is observed recently. A smartwatch offers several applications for fitness and healthcare. Considering these trends and benefits elder persons can benefit by using smartwatch and IoT technology for their healthcare. There exist studies on smartwatch use by elderly persons investigating the factors influencing old age adults; however, there is limited research on studying the behavior of elderly persons for adopting smartwatches for the healthcare purpose especially for the developing countries like Pakistan. At the same the adoptions, acceptance and social support are the important factors need to study under the social and technical perspective to provide a way of how the elderly get healthcare using technical aspects of smartwatches. Semi-structured interviews were performed for this purpose. The data was subjected to thematic analysis using socio-technical theory, which revealed four main themes that are health monitoring at an older age, usability features of a smartwatch for healthcare, smartwatch adoption and acceptance and social support of using smartwatches by the elderly. Results revealed that smartwatches helped to encourage better healthcare for the elderly because they could be used as health monitoring devices to actively control and track health-related parameters. The results highlight the mutually beneficial acceptance of smartwatch to improve elderly healthcare along with adoption and acceptance levels. These observations offer vital advice for healthcare professionals, academics, and stakeholders looking to improve the healthcare of the elderly as smartwatches continue to reshape healthcare management.
A PERFORMANCE STUDY OF ABIDA PARVEEN’S TU JHOOM
Section: English Keywords: Array, Array, Array, Array, Array This research paper studies a selection of Abida Parveen’s Qawwali performance of Tu Jhoom with a primary focus on the impact of spatiality, semiocity and lyrical composition on the audience and the performers. Moreover, the paper investigates into the depths of Tu Jhoom from a theoretical viewpoint, which focuses on the performative tools, the scenographic actions and bodily semantics employed by the performers, with a particular focus on Abida Parveen’s musical persona, which is essential when it comes to producing the desired impact. By using the theoretical frameworks given by Erika Fischer-Lichte, Regula Qureshi, Richard Schechner, and Hartmut Böhme, this paper gives a detailed understanding of how Parveen’s technique of Sufi performances captures the essence of spiritual spaces, which allow the audience to experience transcendence- the motive of Sufi performances.
QUR’ANIC COGNITIVE PROCESSES AND HUMAN CONSCIOUSNESS: AN ANALYTICAL STUDY OF REFLECTION, REMEMBRANCE, AND COGNITIVE REGULATION IN THE LIGHT OF CONTEMPORARY PSYCHOLOGY
Section: English Keywords: Array, Array, Array, Array, Array The Qur’an presents a comprehensive framework of human cognition that integrates intellectual reflection, spiritual awareness, emotional regulation, and moral development. Unlike modern cognitive theories that often confine cognition to mental processes alone, the Qur’anic perspective views human understanding as a holistic interaction between the intellect, the heart (qalb), remembrance (dhikr), reflection (tafakkur), contemplation (tadabbur), and experiential learning through narratives and recurring reminders. This study examines major Qur’anic cognitive processes and explores their relevance in light of contemporary psychological theories. Through textual analysis of Qur’anic verses, Prophetic traditions, classical Islamic scholarship, and modern psychological literature, the article demonstrates that the Qur’an employs sophisticated cognitive mechanisms for developing awareness, strengthening memory, regulating emotions, shaping moral judgment, and fostering psychological resilience. The study further argues that Qur’anic cognitive processes offer an integrated psycho-spiritual model capable of enriching contemporary discussions in cognitive psychology, educational theory, emotional intelligence, and human development. By highlighting the interaction between cognition, spirituality, and ethical consciousness, the article presents the Qur’anic framework as a unique contribution to the understanding of human thought and behavior.
MACROECONOMIC EFFECTS ON ECONOMIC GROWTH: NOVEL DYNAMIC ARDL SIMULATION MODEL BASED TIME-SERIES EVIDENCE FROM PAKISTAN
Section: English Keywords: Array, Array, Array, Array, Array A study on economic growth is vital for driving innovation, increasing productivity, and informing evidence-based policies to foster sustainable development. This study examines the internal and external determinants of Pakistan’s economic growth on the data from 1980 to 2025 and analyses the empirical findings by using a Novel Dynamic Autoregressive Distributed Lag Simulation Model (NARDL). Results settle long-run cointegration among Gross Domestic Product (GDP), Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), exports, imports, inflation, and oil consumption. FDI and exports show persistent positive effects on GDP across both time horizons. Whereas, the effects of inflation and imports vary by timeframe. Oil consumption reveals a critical dual impact that is stimulating growth in the long run nevertheless exerting negative pressure in short run. These findings offer vigorous empirical evidence for policymakers to understand the significance of FDI, trade dynamics, and energy consumption for a sustained macroeconomic stability of Pakistan.
ISLAMIC CONCEPT OF MILLAH AND RISE OF NATIONALISM: CHALLENGES AND IMPLICATIONS FOR MUSLIM WORLD
Section: English Keywords: Array, Array, Array, Array, Array Millah, in Islamic tradition represents a people united in religion, in belief in and obedience to God. It brings the Ummah together under a shared spiritual and moral banner towards which all should be responsible and develop. When nationalism finally arose, it did so as a modern political movement advocating for the power of the state, ethnic consolidation, and secularism. Although nationalism allowed for anti-colonial movements in the Muslim world it weakened the Islamic community and diminished its strength bringing division instead of unity. It is within this context that Millah is being negotiated against nationalism and its historical developments and key issues are examined in this study. The methodological approach employed by the study is therefore hermeneutical and historical thematical to establish the following challenges to the unity of Islam: political sectarianism, cultural otherness and economic divergence. It also analyzes the decline of pan-Islamic bodies, as well as ethnic tensions. To this end, the research enunciates the strategies of reconciliation; these include the restoration of solidarity within diversity, rejuvenation of pan-Islamist organizations, and economical/educational collaboration. Thus, this study fills the theoretical and empirical gaps by encompassing ideological and functional paradigms and presenting a pragmatic approach to restore the mandate of the Ummah. The loss of the Mat looking at the results der displays the applicability of Millah today to cover current global issues.